Other Characterization Techniques
- Atomic pair distribution function (PDF)
- Dynamic force microscope
- ESR
- Extended x-ray absorption fine structure (XANES)
- Field emission and field-ion microscopy
- Laser induced fluorescence (LIF)
- Mass spectrometry
- Mesoscopic modeling
- Molecular modeling
- N2 physisorption
- Oxidative thermogravimetry
- Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy
- Photonic force microscope
- Positron annihilation
- Powder x-ray diffractometry (XRD)
- Scanning auger microscopy
- Scanning interferometric apertureless microscope
- Tomographic imaging
- X-ray diffraction
- X-ray gamma-ray scattering
- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)